TV industry

Conglomeration = when different media companies come together to form one larger media company - example of this is Disney

Horizontal integration = when an organisation buys another organisation in the same sector = example of this is Disney

Vertical integration = where a company buys other companies involved in other areas of the organisation = example of this is Disney

Canal+
- Owned by Vivendi - owns the Canal+ group (they also own Universal music group) they      are a conglomerate 
- Headquarters = Issy-les-MoulineauxParisFrance
- Launched 4th November 1984 
- It is a multi-national media conglomerate
- It's a french premium tv channel - "premium" = you have to pay to watch it (there is a free      version) Closest thing to Canal+ in England is Sky TV
- It makes original French programme - the tv shows made by Canal+ tend to be held in          high regard
- Vertically and horizontally integrated = Vivendi
- Curran and Seaton = power and industries - so few companies owning so much means        they control and have the ability to change the audience's ideology - we dont have the          diversity of ideology. 
- Les Revenants isn't particularly commercial - wont ever have a mass audience because it    targets a niche or cult audience - Vivendi and Canal+ have made such a niche tv show          because they cant compete with Disney 
- David Hesmondhalgh - his theory 


BBFC - British Board of Film Classification
- Age certificate regulates who can and cant see the film - 18 film = swearing, heavy use of    a sexual nature - very strict rules 
- Sonia Livingston and Peter Lunt = regulation theory - everything we look at has it's own        rules and regulations
- Regulation of tv is extremely ineffective in UK due to digital media (internet and the ability    to download)

'13 reasons why' wouldn't get a rating and would be banned in the UK because it poses a risk to audiences (it targets a teenage audience). 

TV programmes are regulated by OFCOM
The tv industry is largely self-regulated - for example 'the watershed' is a mutual agreement of tv channels to show their programme after 9pm

Controversial moments in Humans
- Brothel scene - scenes of sexualisation and slavery
- Matty calls Toby "Crusty-sheets"
- references to slavery
- Anita does all of the jobs as she's a woman - sexist representation

Controversial moments in Les Revenants
- When Lena calls Simon a "dickhead"
- stabbing of the girl in the tunnel
- Lena and her boyfriend having sex - actors appear to be under age 18 
- lack of diverse representation - no black actors
- boy left by himself - child abandonment
- blood and gore

Digital convergence = coming together of different media industries due to digital technology.


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