theories - explained for year 7's + the ending montage of humans.

LANGUAGE


1 - Semiotics - Roland Barthes
Media Products communicate meanings to their audiences through a range of visual codes and technical codes which are proairetic, hermeneutic, symbolic and more. 

2 - Narratology - Tzvetan Todorov
Based around a three act structure. Firstly, a state of balance or equilibrium is established and this balance is broken in some way which leads to a disruption as something goes wrong. The narrative will then result with a partial restoration of the equilibrium. 
Every story has a beginning, middle and end and something always goes wrong. 

3 - Genre theory - Steve Neale
Producers rely on audiences to see repetition and difference of genre conventions - overtime genres change and and combine with another. 

4 - Structuralism - Claude Lévi-Strauss
All media products have an underlying structure which helps to analyse them. One of the ways we make sense of media products and life in general is through the idea of everything having an opposite (binary opposition). Every theory has conflict. 

REPRESENTATION


6 - Theories of representation - Stuart Hall
Representations are created through media language and reflect the ideas of the producer. Stereotyping is a form of representation. 

7 - Theories of identity - David Gauntlett
Audiences are not passive, and media products allow the audience to create their own identities. Audiences can choose which ideas they like, and ignore the ideas of the product which they do not agree with. How audiences interact with identity.

8 - Feminist theory - Liesbet van Zoonen
Gender is created through codes and conventions and the idea of what is male and female changes overtime. Women are put in stories to attract men. 

9 - Feminist theory - bell hooks
Black women are shown differently to white women.

MEDIA INDUSTRIES


12 - Power and media industries - Curran and Seaton
The media is controlled by a small number of companies who are driven by profit and power which means their is a lack of variety and creativity as there is only a small amount of companies.
small group of companies control media. 

13 - Regulation - Sonia Livingstone and Peter Lunt
Regulation' refers to the rules and restrictions that every media industry has to follow. For example the UK film industry must use the BBFC's age certifications.
Rules a media product has to follow.

14 - Cultural industries - David Hesmondhalgh
Producers try to minimise risk and maximise audiences through vertical and horizontal integration. 
Different media products are made in different ways. 

AUDIENCES


16 - Cultivation theory - George Gerbner
if you keep watching violent things, you become violent.

17 - Reception theory - Stuart Hall
different audiences react in different ways.

 _______________________________________________________________________________
The ending montage

 Todorov's theory to this sequence - Anita the synth taking the kid = disruption to the equilibrium - cliff hanger = disruption to the equilibrium. Mise-en-scene of Anita's smile demonstrates a disruption. 

 Semiotics = hermeneutic and proairetic code = synth taking the child. Hermeneutic = mystery as to why this is happening. The dark low-key lighting and nighttime setting represents the hermeneutic code. 

 Genre Theory - we know it's sci-fi because of the music and the robots.

 Structuralism = binary opposition between the scene of the child sleeping and then the cut to the brothel and the man and synth having sex - also the robots and humans. Making the audience feel upset and uncomfortable 

 Stereotyping = females as being vulnerable and weaker than men. 

 cultivation theory = Anita is a stereotypically attractive women which cultivates the theory that this is how women should look. 

 Representation = man who went into the brothel is a stereotypical user of prostitues - working class, stereotypically and hegemonically unattractive, coloquial and aggressive - negative representation of men.  

 Regulation - its not breaking any regulatory rules because during the sex scene you cant see anything














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