formation - Beyonce

Dancing - 
- Beyonce's movements are aggressive within the video e.g. stamping feet connoting power.
- Sticking middle finger up connotes she doesn't care and lack of respect for hegemonic norms in society.
- Through the mise-en-scene of her costume she is revealing her body through the use of sexualisation

(Colonialism = owning different countries and forming a colony e.g British Empire - sense of ownership = othering 
"We did it" - talking about where you live - we see the world as a binary opposition - we have britain and then everywhere else is foreign.)

Paul Gilroy = Theories of ethnicity and post colonialism.

Formation is:
- subversive 
- unconventional
- different 
- atypical 
- experimental 
- very different from a conventional music video

Set in a lot of different places but specifically New Orleans in State of Louisiana 

In what ways can audiences respond to the social, cultural and historical circumstances that formation was made in? (Question example)
(Documentary = That B.E.A.T - Abteen Bagheri, 2012)
- bounce music and dancing is specific to New Orleans and hasn't spread around the rest of the world because of copy right law (we have a genre that is breaking copy right law - can't release it on radio as no one will touch it) and due to the fact that bounce music has a big gay aspect - in terms of ideology, music and listeners. 
- shots were taken from this documentary and put into formation - to show what it's actually like for the people who live there - aren't looking at it from a celebrity's point of view - excludes the idea of 
- working class black people specifically from Louisiana and Gay people

Shared Shots in documentary and music video =
- inital and establishment shot of house sinking 
- dancing with hands behind his back 
- ceiling fan and light flickering - iconographic shot connoting a run down and poverty striken environment (spider web hanging off of it)
- shot under the bridge - covered in graffiti signifies gang violence and crime 
- Tracking shot from moving car filming dilapidated (run down) typical southern houses
- hand held night time shot with strobing police car lights and child on the bike connotes crime - binary opposition between black youth and police
- Actual footage used but mainly 'filler' footage and establishing shots
-Different agendas and ideologies for each text: That B.E.A.T is open and inclusive while Formation is exlusive and aggressive
- Formation appropriates the imagery and energy of bounce music yet leaves out any representation of queer people 
- Imagery of dilapidated house is binary opposition to energetic dancing. 

Intertextual reference to bounce music, a typically underground and non-mainstream genre of music giving the video to formation a unique selling point.
Allows Beyonce to target a wider audience, specifically southern American audiences. 
Creates awareness of a genre which may otherwise be overlooked 
It's giving Beyonce an edge and element of dangerousness, threatening feeling - not what the documentary 
Bounce is made by gay people and it's for everyone yet Beyonce's video has little to no reference to gay people - completely ignores any reference to gay people which is fundamental to the bounce genre - removing the representation of gay people ensures the songs financial success - if they aren't represented they're unlikely to watch it. 
Gives a video a sense of realness and authenticity because of the black, working class people that are in the video.

Bounce is used as a way for Beyonce to make money within this video as it's different and not many artists use this type of music. 

Racial hierarchies and othering 
- It's a way of asserting dominance and a way of establishing control - people compared black people to animals and white people to gods in 1900's so slavery could be justified.
- this is another method of establishing hegemonic control (Gilroy's perspective) 
- binary oppositions can help make sense of the world

Examples of black people being represented as different and others:



































Dancing in carpark = sense of black people being rough and working class
The VHS quality filter that has been applied makes it look gross and old connoting black people are different













She has taken this theme up to say she is like them - she is heterosexual middle aged - establishing shots represent her being different, edgy, an outsider and criminal yet she is none of these - she is a multi millionaire singer who is globally popular yet this video is showing her as an outlaw - formation is reinforcing commonly held ideas of hierarchy in society to make money. 









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